Catecholamines in Urine
Catecholamines in UrineSkip to the navigationTest OverviewCatecholamines (say "kat-uh-KOH-luh-meens") are hormones made mostly by your adrenal glands as a reaction to stress. When you feel stressed, these hormones
increase heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, muscle strength, and
mental alertness. They also lower the amount of blood that goes to the skin and intestines. They increase blood going to the major organs, such as the brain, heart, and
kidneys. This helps your body prepare for "fight-or-flight"
reactions. Your body breaks down these hormones and passes them into your urine. This test measures how much of these hormones are in your urine over a 24-hour period. Why It Is DoneA
catecholamine test is done to help diagnose a rare tumor in
the adrenal glands called a pheochromocytoma. Tumors like this can cause your adrenal glands to release too many hormones. And that can cause high
blood pressure, excessive sweating, headaches, fast heartbeats,
and tremors. How To PrepareYou may be asked to avoid certain foods and fluids for 2 to 3 days before the test. They include: - Caffeine, such as coffee, tea, cocoa, and
chocolate.
- Amines. These are found in bananas, walnuts, avocados,
fava beans, cheese, beer, and red wine.
- Any foods or fluids with
vanilla.
- Licorice.
Do not use tobacco at all during the 24-hour urine
collection. Be sure to keep warm during the 24 hours. Being cold can raise your catecholamine levels. Drink
plenty of fluids during the 24 hours to avoid
dehydration. Many medicines can change
the results of this test. Be sure to tell your doctor about all the
over-the-counter and prescription medicines you take.
Your doctor may ask you to stop certain medicines, such as blood
pressure medicines, before the test. Do not take cold or allergy remedies, aspirin, or diet pills for 2 weeks before the
test. Talk to your doctor about any concerns you have about
the need for the test, its risks, how it will be done, or what the results will
mean. To help you understand the importance of this test, fill out the
medical test information form(What is a PDF document?). How It Is DoneThis test is usually done at home. You must collect all the urine you produce in a 24-hour period. - You start collecting your urine in the morning.
When you first get up, empty your bladder. But do not save this urine. Write
down the time that you urinated to mark the beginning of your 24-hour
collection period.
- For the next 24 hours, collect all your urine.
Your doctor or lab will usually provide you with a large container that holds
about 1 gal (4 L). The
container has a small amount of preservative in it. Urinate into a small, clean
container. Then pour the urine into the large container. Don't touch the
inside of the container with your fingers.
- Keep the large container
in the refrigerator when you aren't using it.
- Empty your bladder for the
last time at or just before the end of the 24-hour period. Add this urine to
the large container, and record the time.
- Do not get toilet paper,
pubic hair, stool (feces), menstrual blood, or other foreign matter in the
urine sample.
How It FeelsTaking a 24-hour urine sample does not cause pain. RisksA 24-hour urine sample doesn't cause any problems. ResultsA test for catecholamines measures the
amount of the hormones epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the urine. The test also usually measures the amounts of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), metanephrine, and normetanephrine. NormalThese numbers are just a guide. The range for "normal" varies from lab to lab. Your lab may have a different range. Your lab report should show what range your lab uses for "normal." Also, your doctor will evaluate your results based on your health and other factors. So a number that is outside the normal range here may still be normal for you. Catecholamines in a 24-hour urine samplefootnote 1| Free catecholamines | Less than 100
micrograms (mcg) or less than 591
nanomoles (nmol) |
|---|
| Epinephrine | Less than 20 mcg or less than 109
nmol |
|---|
| Norepinephrine | 15-80 mcg or 89-473 nmol |
|---|
| Dopamine | 65-400 mcg or 420-2612 nmol |
|---|
| Normetanephrine | 105-354 mcg or 573-1933 nmol |
|---|
| Metanephrine | 74-297 mcg or 375-1506
nmol |
|---|
| Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) | Less than 9
milligrams (mg) or less than 45 micromoles
(mcmol) |
|---|
Normal urine values vary in children depending on
their age. High values- High levels of free catecholamines,
vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), or metanephrine can mean an adrenal gland tumor
or other type of tumor is present.
- Any major stress, such as burns, a
whole-body infection (sepsis),
illness, surgery, or traumatic injury, can cause high levels.
- Many blood pressure medicines can also cause high
levels.
Low valuesLow values may be caused by
diabetes or some
nervous system problems. What Affects the TestYou may not be able to
have the test, or the results may not be helpful, if you: - Do physical exercise.
- Have
extreme emotional stress.
- Have surgery, injury, or
illness.
- Take certain medicines, such as aspirin, nitroglycerin,
tricyclic antidepressants, tetracycline, theophylline, or some blood pressure
medicines.
- Use nicotine, alcohol, or
cocaine.
- Take cough, cold, or sinus
medicines.
- Eat or drink foods with caffeine.
What To Think About- The 24-hour urine test is better than a blood test for finding
high levels of catecholamines. To learn more about a
catecholamine blood test, see the topic
Catecholamines in Blood.
ReferencesCitations- Fischbach FT, Dunning MB III, eds. (2009). Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Other Works Consulted- Chernecky CC, Berger BJ (2008). Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures, 5th ed. St. Louis: Saunders.
- Fischbach FT, Dunning MB III, eds. (2009). Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
- Pagana KD, Pagana TJ (2010). Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests, 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier.
CreditsByHealthwise Staff
Primary Medical ReviewerE. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine
Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine
Specialist Medical ReviewerAlan C. Dalkin, MD - Endocrinology Current as of:
May 3, 2017 Fischbach FT, Dunning MB III, eds. (2009). Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Last modified on: 8 September 2017
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